Against a backdrop of global growth that has been surprisingly resilient, Western European economies are showing resilience, albeit at varying rates. The economies at the core of the Eurozone, particularly Germany, are showing sluggish growth at best, while the Iberian economies are being buoyed by strong private consumption and investment, the latter supported by funds from the European Recovery and...

The past quarter has contributed to heighten uncertainty over the growth trajectories of the major economies, which are facing a global shock to confidence and a reorganisation of their relative competitiveness. The American exceptionalism of growth that has long been above potential, even under the influence of a restrictive monetary policy, has been called into question by the new trade policy, which...

The Spanish economy began 2025 with greater momentum than its European partners. In 2024, GDP grew by 3.2%, increasing by 0.8% in Q4, supported by consumption and investment. The fundamentals are solid: a current account surplus for the 13th year, private debt limited to 125.1% of GDP (vs. 153.5% in the eurozone) and public debt down to 101.8%. The net international investment position also improved...

The Spanish economy managed to maintain a robust growth rate until Q3 2024 despite multiple headwinds, including weakness in the eurozone economies, persistently high inflation and the impact of past interest rate hikes. Behind this good performance are several key factors, including the solid performance of the labour market, continued high immigration and positive international tourism data, which once...

The Spanish economy continued to grow robustly at the beginning of the year despite an array of unfavourable factors, including the weakness of the Eurozone economies, persistently high inflation, and the impact of the rise in interest rates, which were expected to peak in Q1 2024. The strong performance was driven by positive labour-market momentum, persistently dynamic immigration and sound...

The Spanish economy managed to maintain a robust growth rate at the beginning of the year despite numerous unfavourable factors, including the weakness of the Eurozone economies, persistently high inflation, and the impact of the rise in interest rates, which were expected to peak in first-quarter 2024. The strong performance resulted from several key factors, with positive labour-market momentum...

The Spanish economy is going through the final phase of the inflationary cycle that began in 2021 when global supply chains were disrupted owing to the end of the pandemic and gas prices came under pressure due to the war in Ukraine. After growth of 2.5% in 2023, we expect the Spanish economy to grow more moderately in 2024 owing to rising interest rates and the slowdown in the tourism sector, which is...

The Spanish economy ended 2023 on a better note than expected at the beginning of the year. The pace of growth slowed in the second half of the year but less significantly and at a later stage than expected. In the second estimate of GDP for the third quarter, the INE confirmed the growth rate at 0.3% quarter-on-quarter (0.4% in Q2). GDP was thus 2.1% higher than in fourth-quarter 2019, before the...