In an international environment that is still as anxiety-provoking as ever, uncertainties remain, numerous and multifaceted. Nevertheless, hoping that those emanating from US economic policy will calm down (and that at least tariffs will stabilise), the scenario is staying the course. It is characterised by a slowdown without recession in the US, followed by an acceleration in 2026, a continued recovery...

There were already many risks, both economic and geopolitical, influencing our scenario, both in terms of cyclical inflections and structural aspects. Compounding these risks, Israel’s attack on Iran on 13 June constitutes an unprecedented escalation in terms of its scale and its severity. This act marks a strategic turning point for the region.

Our scenario, already rocked by recently fickle...

On “Liberation Day”, the Gulf States were relatively spared by the threat of trade tariffs. However, there are other channels through which “Trump risk” can be transmitted.

Stupefaction was the reaction to Donald Trump's “Liberation Day” tariff announcements. Firstly, because the tariffs – which Trump claims are sucking the life out of the US economy – are perplexing when compared with those applied. Secondly, because the tariffs announced (including the strangely calculated reciprocal tariffs) exceed what had been anticipated and are likely to be further tightened. Finally...

D. Trump's return to the White House and his tariff threats against Mexico and Canada, suspended until March, could jeopardise the USMCA (United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement), a trade agreement signed in 2018 that replaced the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) in 2020. NAFTA, the first free trade agreement between developed and emerging countries, came into force in 1994, creating the world's...

While Brazil's growth performance has been quite remarkable, its success has been overshadowed by persistent fiscal concerns. At a time when the currency is already weakened by an unfavorable international context, fiscal uncertainty is accentuating the depreciation of the Brazilian real (BRL/USD), which in turn is tending to reinforce the inflationary pressures seen since May. 

The election of Javier Milei as President who took office in December 2023 have made 2024 a year of radical change. The results of his fiscal austerity, aimed at ending monetary financing, and his management of the peso are both impressive (budget surplus, important disinflation) and mechanical (progress on the inflation and external accounts fronts can also be explained by the recession). Reducing...

More than ever, the outlook depends on the turn taken by US geopolitical and economic policy. Assumptions about the scale and timing of the measures to be taken by the new administration mean that, in the US, the economy is likely to remain resilient, but there will also be renewed inflation, modest monetary easing and upward pressure on long-term interest rates. Moreover, these measures are only one...

Against an extremely tense international backdrop, drawing up an economic and financial scenario is rather fraught task. There are many sources of potential disruption on the short term, including the US election, the Middle East conflict and the war in Ukraine, where tensions are at a peak. In particular, the risk that Middle East tensions will spread is sowing uncertainty on the oil market. Moreover...

The Egyptian economy, though weakened, is recovering from a two-year external liquidity crisis. The crisis is a reminder of the extent to which countries with debt and dependent on external financing are vulnerable to investor confidence. Thanks to substantial funding from the United Arab Emirates and the IMF, the country's external liquidity risk has dipped sharply. But this is not a long-term blank...